第三章【第四节】 @Provides方法（@Provides Methods）：Guice指导教程（原创翻译）

ProvidesMethods

@Provides方法 @Provides Methods

当你需要创建一个对象时，可以使用@Provides方法。这个方法在modele里定义，并且必须有一个带@Provides注解。这个方法的返回类型将是绑定的类型。每当注入需要的这个类型的实例时，将会调用这个方法。
When you need code to create an object, use an @Provides method. The method must be defined within a module, and it must have an @Provides annotation. The method’s return type is the bound type. Whenever the injector needs an instance of that type, it will invoke the method.

public class BillingModule extends AbstractModule {
  @Override
  protected void configure() {
    ...
  }

  @Provides
  TransactionLog provideTransactionLog() {
    DatabaseTransactionLog transactionLog = new DatabaseTransactionLog();
    transactionLog.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/pizza");
    transactionLog.setThreadPoolSize(30);
    return transactionLog;
  }
}

public class BillingModule extends AbstractModule {

@Override

protected void configure() {

...

}

@Provides

TransactionLog provideTransactionLog() {

DatabaseTransactionLog transactionLog = new DatabaseTransactionLog();

transactionLog.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/pizza");

transactionLog.setThreadPoolSize(30);

return transactionLog;

}

如果@Provides方法里有一个类似@PayPal或者@Named(“Checkout”)的绑定注解，Guice将会绑定这个被标注的类型。依赖关系可以作为参数传递给方法。注入器会在调用这个方法前一次执行这些绑定。
If the @Provides method has a binding annotation like @PayPal or @Named(“Checkout”), Guice binds the annotated type. Dependencies can be passed in as parameters to the method. The injector will exercise the bindings for each of these before invoking the method.

@Provides @PayPal
  CreditCardProcessor providePayPalCreditCardProcessor(
      @Named("PayPal API key") String apiKey) {
    PayPalCreditCardProcessor processor = new PayPalCreditCardProcessor();
    processor.setApiKey(apiKey);
    return processor;
  }

@Provides @PayPal

CreditCardProcessor providePayPalCreditCardProcessor(

@Named("PayPal API key") String apiKey) {

PayPalCreditCardProcessor processor = new PayPalCreditCardProcessor();

processor.setApiKey(apiKey);

return processor;

}

抛异常 Throwing Exceptions

Guice不允许Providers抛异常。从@Provides方法中抛出的异常将会被包含在ProvisionException异常中。允许从@Provides方法中抛出任意类型的异常不是最好的做法——执行期，或者检查期。如果你有些情况下需要抛出异常，你可以用ThrowingProviders extension @CheckedProvides方法
Guice does not allow exceptions to be thrown from Providers. Exceptions thrown by @Provides methods will be wrapped in a ProvisionException. It is bad practice to allow any kind of exception to be thrown — runtime or checked — from an @Provides method. If you need to throw an exception for some reason, you may want to use the ThrowingProviders extension @CheckedProvides methods.

实例

@Provides Methods（@Provides注解方法）：用@Provides来注解方法产生需要的对象。

import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.name.Named;
 
public class Configure {
     
    String jdbcUrl;
    int loginTimeout;
     
    @Inject
    public Configure(@Named("JDBC URL") String jdbcUrl,
             int loginTimeout) {
        this.jdbcUrl = jdbcUrl;
        this.loginTimeout = loginTimeout;
    }
     
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "jdbcUrl==>" + this.jdbcUrl + "\tloginTimeout==>" + this.loginTimeout + " seconds";
    }
}
 
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Provides;
import com.google.inject.name.Names;
 
public class ConfigureModule extends AbstractModule {
 
    @Override
    protected void configure() {
        bind(String.class)
            .annotatedWith(Names.named("JDBC URL"))
            .toInstance("jdbc:mysql://localhost/pizza");
    }
 
    @Provides
    int getLoginTimeout() {
        System.out.println("run @Provides");
        return 20;
    }
}
 
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new ConfigureModule());
        Configure configure = injector.getInstance(Configure.class);
        System.out.println(configure);
    }
}

import com.google.inject.Inject;

import com.google.inject.name.Named;

public class Configure {

String jdbcUrl;

int loginTimeout;

@Inject

public Configure(@Named("JDBC URL") String jdbcUrl,

int loginTimeout) {

this.jdbcUrl = jdbcUrl;

this.loginTimeout = loginTimeout;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "jdbcUrl==>" + this.jdbcUrl + "\tloginTimeout==>" + this.loginTimeout + " seconds";

}

import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;

import com.google.inject.Provides;

import com.google.inject.name.Names;

public class ConfigureModule extends AbstractModule {

@Override

protected void configure() {

bind(String.class)

.annotatedWith(Names.named("JDBC URL"))

.toInstance("jdbc:mysql://localhost/pizza");

}

@Provides

int getLoginTimeout() {

System.out.println("run @Provides");

return 20;

}

import com.google.inject.Guice;

import com.google.inject.Injector;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new ConfigureModule());

Configure configure = injector.getInstance(Configure.class);

System.out.println(configure);

}

执行结果：
run @Provides
jdbcUrl==>jdbc:mysql://localhost/pizza loginTimeout==>20 seconds

可以看到，在module里没有绑定int类型的值，却在依赖时注入了。

下一节：Provider Bindings

说明：

鉴于网上guice中文资料较少，出于个人爱好，对该项目下的用户API文档进行翻译。如有翻译不恰当之处，还望指正。

google Guice 项目地址：https://github.com/google/guice

Guice 英文API地址：https://github.com/google/guice/wiki/LinkedBindings

7player

第三章【第四节】 @Provides方法（@Provides Methods）：Guice指导教程（原创翻译）

ProvidesMethods

@Provides方法 @Provides Methods

抛异常 Throwing Exceptions

实例

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